This article mainly explores the social culture and era background of the development of Chinese painting in the early 20th century. By collecting relevant documents and materials, it systematically analyzes the background from the special social ideology of China under the thick smoke to the May Fourth New Cultural Movement. With the birth of, the spread of progressive ideas and culture, the new art appeared on the historical stage as a revolutionary. And emphatically analyzed Cai Yuanpei's aesthetic education thought to play a pioneering role in the development of Chinese modern painting education, and laid the foundation for improving the overall artistic and cultural quality of the people.
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