The Bionic Means of Form Making in the Modern Design: Theoretical Foundations and Practice of Their Application in the Object Environment

Formulation of the problem. The study of the laws of nature has led people to understand natural objects as highly organized, harmonious systems. The modern science has the necessary tools and concepts to explore deeply the smallest features of the structure and the functions of living organisms. The higher is the development level of the latest technologies, the more attention is paid to project conception in design based on the transformation of biological objects into the objects of artistic design. This is how the relevance of research and practice of using natural structures as factors determining the bionic modelling in the modern design is increased.

Objectives. Determining the morphological features of the structures of biological objects used in the design process and identifying the patterns of their use in the object environment.

Results of the research. This study aims to determine the morphological features of the structures of organic natural forms and their practical application in the design process. Each biological form has its own intelligent and unique shape, colour, structure and function. Thanks to the study of the structures of these forms, the artificial surrounding area of our environment is constructed using the principles of bionics. The bionics resolves the issues of the architectural environment and design space organization based on the structure modelling and living organisms functioning. Considering the issue of modern design founding and development from the standpoint of the bionic approach, we can establish the basic principles of design objects form making. Modelling of processes in biodesign includes the systematic study of natural forms, in particular, deciphering their geometrical bases. The analysis of artistic and design solutions of the biosimilar works determines the organic relationship of their appearance with the internal structure. Using the analogy, we discover the natural formula and its structure. The biological forms and surfaces imitation, sometimes their colouring, and the creation of dynamics is a basis of natural strategy and processes of its self-regulation in the design art objects.

Bionic design often leads to the complex technical constructions, which in turn demonstrate a high level of innovation. With the development of technologies, the discovery of new materials and the conditions improvement for new constructions, new forms and this integrated the interesting solutions. Today, an environmental value of the design innovations is a very important feature. The man is increasingly trying to adapt to nature and create a healthy environment.

Based on the basics of bionic form making, we can obtain structured art objects that are widely used using the different features of materials. In the artistic design of objective-spatial environment, the modern designers use the methods of transformation, which is the basis of bionic relationships. The methods of biosystems transforming may be successfully used in the design of art products, the so-called transformers. In particular, the principle of natural patterns transformation into a bionic art system is well suited for the design of garden furniture. 

A separate issue is the study of “spiral” design, which reflects the patterns of form making in wildlife. Its task is to be able to obtain different designs with functional flexibility.

As a result of research the practical value of art designing and design products construction thanks to the bionic means of form making is established. The correlation of the initial system components, which identify the new development methods and increase the opportunities for competitiveness in various areas of design. The article clarifies the stage of bionic forms application in the modern design of objective-spatial environment: from the theoretical basis to the idea definition, design and implementation.

Conclusions. We explored the theoretical foundations and practice of bionic form making in the organization of modern design space. For many years, many designers have been looking for fresh ideas to help in the process of creating new harmonious forms. Many design works emerge through the transformation of natural forms and processes. The expected inspiration from the nature contributes to the technology improvement and affects all the spheres of life. Some forms constructions may seem to be impossible, but this increasingly improves the man's understanding of nature. The laws of nature affect the forms in design. The processes modelling in biodesign includes a systematic study of natural forms and geometric analysis of their foundations. In this process, the incredible accuracy with which the nature calculates the ideal geometry is usually striking, although sometimes it is hidden and difficult to distinguish. The living objects have very different and complex structures. The bionics in design is not just an imitation of nature; it is part of a larger movement that is the study of natural models and processes to solve man-made problems.